Title : Fox - Fordyce disease: A dermatological entity

Background: Fox–Fordyce disease is a rare, chronic inflammatory disorder of the apocrine sweat glands, predominantly affecting women of reproductive age. It is characterized by intensely pruritic, follicular papules occurring in apocrine gland–bearing areas such as the axillae, areolae, groin, and pubic region. Owing to its rarity and nonspecific presentation, the condition is often underrecognized.

Aim: To review the available literature on Fox–Fordyce disease with respect to its epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostic approach, and management.

Materials and Methods: A narrative review of literature was conducted using standard medical databases. Published articles including review articles and case reports related to Fox–Fordyce disease were analyzed. Data regarding pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, histopathological findings, differential diagnosis, and treatment modalities were reviewed and summarized.

Results: Fox–Fordyce disease is believed to result from obstruction of apocrine sweat ducts, leading to ductal rupture and perifollicular inflammation. Clinically, it presents as monomorphic, skin-colored follicular papules associated with severe pruritus, often aggravated by heat and sweating. Histopathology typically reveals follicular hyperkeratosis, keratin plugging, and perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrate involving apocrine ducts. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, with histopathological confirmation in selected cases. Various therapeutic options such as topical corticosteroids, retinoids, calcineurin inhibitors, hormonal therapy, and laser treatments have been described, with variable outcomes.

Conclusion: Fox–Fordyce disease is an uncommon apocrine gland disorder with a chronic course and limited treatment options. Increased awareness and early recognition are essential for appropriate management and patient counselling.

Khushi Jain is an undergraduate MBBS student with a strong academic interest in Dermatology and clinical research. She actively participates in literature reviews, poster presentations, and academic forums focused on evidence-based medicine. Her areas of interest include dermatological disorders, skincare science, and patient-oriented dermatology. She serves as the Media Secretary of her college, reflecting her leadership and communication skills. Khushi aspires to pursue postgraduate training in Dermatology and aims to contribute to academic research through national and international conferences.