Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer

Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer refers primarily to basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, the two most common malignancies affecting the skin worldwide. Although generally less aggressive than melanoma, these cancers can cause significant local tissue destruction and functional impairment if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Their high prevalence makes them a central clinical priority at every international Dermatology Conference, where advancements in early detection, surgical management, and preventive strategies are continuously explored. Closely associated with keratinocyte carcinoma management, this topic integrates dermatologic oncology, procedural precision, and long-term surveillance planning.

This session examines the pathogenesis of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage and its cumulative effect on keratinocyte mutation. Chronic sun exposure, immunosuppression, fair skin phenotype, and advanced age remain key risk factors. Basal cell carcinoma typically presents as pearly papules with telangiectasia, while squamous cell carcinoma may appear as scaly plaques, ulcerated nodules, or hyperkeratotic lesions.

Diagnostic evaluation includes dermoscopic analysis, biopsy confirmation, and histologic subtype classification. Aggressive growth patterns, perineural invasion, and high-risk anatomical locations require meticulous treatment planning. Surgical excision remains the primary modality, with margin determination guided by tumor size and histology. Mohs micrographic surgery offers enhanced margin control in high-risk or recurrent lesions.

Non-surgical options—including topical chemotherapeutic agents, photodynamic therapy, and radiation—are discussed for select superficial tumors. Cryotherapy and curettage may be appropriate in carefully chosen cases. The session emphasizes individualized management strategies based on tumor type, patient health status, and cosmetic considerations.

Prevention and early detection strategies remain essential. Sun protection education, routine skin screening, and monitoring of precancerous lesions such as actinic keratoses reduce long-term morbidity. Immunocompromised patients require heightened surveillance due to increased recurrence risk.

By integrating oncologic awareness with procedural expertise, this session equips dermatologists with comprehensive tools to manage non-melanoma skin cancers effectively while preserving function and aesthetics.